Sudan is constantly cited as a high case of a climate change conflict. It was the original country to be classified as a climate conflict country. The consequences of adding temperatures on poverty, migration, and conflict are apparent in the war in Darfur, which started in 2003. Darfur is a region in western Sudan that has been scuffling with a long-standing war and is still in an extremity.
The conflict in Darfur has multiple confines. First, the people of Darfur were fighting against the central government due to times of neglect. The Sudan Liberation Movement/ Army SLM/ A) and Justice and Equality Movement (JEM) launched a rebellion to protest the Sudanese government’s treatment of its non-Arab population.
There were multiple original groups in conflict over limited coffers. Also, there was a disagreement among the recusant coalitions. Unfortunately, the situation was aggravated by climate change. The land was passing desertification and changeable rainfall patterns which made life more delicate for the people. The formerly productive land was turning into a desert. Due to scarce coffers and inimical rainfall conditions, the conflict between locals in the region has been worsened by the process of desertification. This conflict can be traced back to the famines that passed in the Sahelian region during the 1970s and 1980s, climaxing with the failure and shortage of 1984/1985, which hit the northern corridor of Darfur particularly hard.
While the northern part of Darfur was oppressively affected, the southern part suffered fairly less. still, a large number of vagrant northern pastoralists migrated to the south in hunt
of a better life. This created fresh pressure on the formerly strained coffers of the southern region. The natural growth of the original population, coupled with the affluence of settlers and the gradational abandonment of traditional free systems, led to a vicious cycle of over- exploitation of soils, deforestation, and reduction of coffers.
Due to weak customary land operation institutions in history, northern pastoralists set up openings to claim lands belonging to southern growers. This redounded in conflicts, chaos, and numerous lost lives. The United Nations estimates that as a result of these conflicts, over 2 million people were displaced and over 300,000 were killed. Climate change has caused competition between growers and herdsmen over land and coffers, which has led to an increase in violence across the region. still, the situation worsened after the Darfuri rebellion against the central government in Khartoum. President Omar Al-Basir of Sudan took action against the original people and authorized the Rapid Support Forces RAF) to kill civilians. Rapid Support Forces (RAF) and other Arab groups Janjaweed started ethnical sanctification. They killed numerous Non-Arab African civilians, especially the Masalit Tribe. After this in 2019, Omara Bahir was ousted but unfortunately Sudanese Armed Forces (SAF) and Rapid Support Forces RAF) started the war.
The ongoing war has oppressively weakened Sudan’s frugality, and climate change has only added to the country’s troubles. Scarce coffers, poverty, and brutality have made living in Sudan difficult. As a result, numerous people have migrated to bordering countries, but this has not been without its difficulties. During migration, numerous innocent civilians have been killed and women have been subordinated to rape. The common people continue to face brutality and poverty on a diurnal base. During migration, individualities do not have to consume food or drink clean water. The individualities who were abiding in the country also encountered difficulties due to war and climate change. Poverty was rampant as people didn’t have access to coffers. Not all lands were usable, which led to increased violence and pressure in the region.
Climate change can lead to increased pressures and worsen the situation. Environmental declination and desertification have the eventuality to claim hundreds of thousands of lives. Sudan is the first illustration of a conflict caused by climate change, but numerous other countries are at threat of facing the same problem. Climate conflict can be just as brutal as any other conflict, and can indeed be worse, as all natural coffers are a pivotal part of a country’s frugality. Climate change should be the top precedence of any country’s policy because natural coffers are essential for our survival. famines, cataracts, and other natural disasters have a significant impact on any country. thus, every country should have a proper climate change policy. Also, the world should work together to save our earth and its inhabitants.
However, if all countries participate, they can fight against this problem and help further damage to the earth.
The writer is a student of “International Relations” at Islamic University Islamabad” and a member of PYDIR.